Sequence

Sequence

Definition

A sequence is a meld consisting of three consecutive numbered tiles of the same suit. In Japanese, it is called shuntsu (順子). Sequences are fundamental combinations in mahjong that form one of the primary ways to complete a winning hand.

Detailed Explanation

A sequence must meet three specific criteria:

1. Three tiles: Always exactly three tiles in length
2. Consecutive numbers: The tiles must be numbered sequentially (e.g., 3-4-5, 7-8-9)
3. Same suit: All three tiles must belong to the same suit (bamboo, character, or dot)

Valid sequences include combinations such as 1-2-3, 4-5-6, 7-8-9 of bamboo; 2-3-4, 5-6-7, 8-9-10 of characters; or 3-4-5, 6-7-8, 9-10-11 of dots. The sequence cannot wrap around—you cannot form a sequence with 9-1-2, as the numbering is not consecutive in the proper order.

Sequences differ from ponzu (pons), which are three identical tiles, and kans, which are four identical tiles. While a pon requires matching tiles, a sequence requires progression. Both are essential meld types in mahjong construction.

In the context of hand-building, sequences provide flexibility because multiple tiles can potentially complete them. For example, if you hold 3-4 of bamboo, either a 2 or a 5 of bamboo will complete the sequence. This makes sequences valuable during active play, as they offer multiple completion paths.

Sequences can be formed in two ways during gameplay:

• Concealed sequences (ankantsu): Sequences you draw from the wall and keep hidden in your hand until you declare your winning hand
• Melded sequences (minkan or open sequences): Sequences you declare immediately upon drawing a tile that completes them, typically by calling “chi” (吃) to claim a discard from another player

Usage Example

Imagine you are playing a game and your current hand contains: 3-4 of bamboo, 5-6-7 of characters, 2-2-2 of dots, and various other tiles. You already have one complete sequence (5-6-7 of characters) and the beginning of another (3-4 of bamboo). When another player discards a 5 of bamboo, you may call “chi” to take that tile and complete your second sequence: 3-4-5 of bamboo. This meld is now exposed on the table.

Later, when you draw a 2 of bamboo from the wall, you have the option to keep it hidden as a concealed sequence rather than declaring it immediately. This concealed sequence counts toward your winning hand when you eventually declare victory.

Related Terms

• Shuntsu: The Japanese term for sequence; used interchangeably in mahjong terminology
• Meld: The general category of tile combinations, which includes sequences, pons, and kans
• Chi: The call used to claim a discard from another player to complete a sequence
• Pon: A meld of three identical tiles, contrasting with the consecutive nature of a sequence
• Kan: A meld of four identical tiles, representing the largest single meld type

Understanding sequences is crucial for developing effective mahjong strategy, as they form the backbone of most winning hands and offer strategic flexibility during play.